Local Labor History
by Annimosity
As we begin to see a growing resurgence of the labor movement,
it is imperative to stay in touch with the rich, local history we
have in Canton, Ohio for the same struggle. In 1937, US Steel
(“Big Steel”) signed a major collective bargaining agreement
with the Steel Workers Organizing Committee (SWOC) which
won workers a standardized pay scale, 8-hour work days, and
time-and-a-half for overtime hours. However, comparatively
smaller steel corporations categorically called “Little Steel”
including Republic Steel, refused to commit to the agreement
or recognize the union. On May 20th, Massillon workers were
locked out of the workplace beginning a months-long, violent
strike involving more than 28,000 strikers across Ohio; a
struggle that resulted in the deaths of at least 16 workers, four
of which were workers from Canton and Massillon. Republic
Steel hired a private guard detail, colluded with ofcials and
union-busters, stocked tear gas and submachine guns, and
used these resources against their own workers. On June 30th,
1937, a Spanish immigrant living in Canton and worker for
Republic Steel, Crisanto Lopez, was bludgeoned on the head
to death by company guardsmen who left him for dead. The
county coroner would rule his cause of death as a heart attack.
Crisanto Lopez had been involved in previous collective action
against workplace harassment at United Alloy Steel in Canton
in 1918. Less than two weeks after Lopez’s murder, police,
anti-union vigilantes, and Republic Steel’s private guard led
a violent confrontation at the Massillon union hall. On July
11, 1937 they used tear gas and submachine guns, unloading
several hundred bullets and ransacking the union hall.
This attack caused the deaths of Spanish immigrant striker
Fulgenico Calzada from a gunshot wound in the back of the
head; Grecian immigrant striker Nicholas Vathiaz (or Vadios
or Valdas) from a pelvic gunshot wound; and Hungarian